Olsen Associates, Inc. 2003 1.0 Remote-sensing image Jacksonville, FL Olsen Associates, Inc. A digital orthophoto (DO) is a digital raster image of an aerial photograph which, through a process of differential rectification, has been brought to an accurate, uniform scale with a specified tolerance. The differential rectification process involves relating the digital photo imagery to terrain coordinates and elevations (e.g., a digital terrain model) so as to correct for scale variation due to terrain relief and image displacement due to the angular offsets of the aerial camera at the time of exposure. A digital orthophoto is essentially the image-based equivalent of a photogrammetrically compiled planimetric map. Acquire high resolution (0.4' pixel) natural color aerial orthoimagery during low tide and low turbidity conditions of Gulf Shores, AL. The 3-band (RGB) natural color orthoimagery serves a variety of needs. These include but are not limited to updating base maps, mapping surface morphology and temporal change, mapping local datasets, emergency planning and response, property appraisal updates and appeals, city design, planning, asset management, public safety, defining landuse, roads, structures, pond outlines, tract lines, flood zone, transmission lines, and oil and gas pipelines and pads. The four ADS40 bands record data in the following manner: Band 1 (blue)= 430-490nm; Band 2 (green)= 535-585nm; Band 3 (red)= 610-660nm; Band 4 (Near InfraRed (NIR))= 835-885nm. The NIR band was not included as part of this deliverable. Because the ADS40 is a pushbroom type scanner, objects in motion (ground vehicles, aircraft, etc.) in the direction of flight (the sensor direction of motion) will reside in the scan line field of view longer and appear stretched, where-as, objects in motion in an opposite direction to aircraft direction will reside less time in the scan line and appear compressed. This is an inherent feature of pushbroom type scanning systems where objects in motion pass within the field of view of a sensor platform that is also in motion. 2003 Ground condition Complete Unknown -87.8033 -93.1000 30.2840 30.1069 KI Thesaurus Aerial imagery Leica ADS40 Basemap Digital orthoimage orthoimage RGB RGB color Aerial Imagery Natural color Orthoimagery Olsen Alabama Gulf Shores Gulf of Mexico Baldwin County None None Albert E. Browder, Ph.D., P.E. Olsen Associates, Inc. Senior Coastal Engineer Mailing and physical address

4438 Herschel Street

Jacksonville FL 32210 U.S.A. 904-387-6114 904-384-7368 abrowder@olsen-associates.com 0900-1630 Compliance with the accuracy standard was ensured by the placement of GPS ground control prior to the acquisition of aerial imagery. The following checks were performed: 1. The ground control and airborne GPS/INS data stream were validated through an aerotriangulation bundle adjustment using Inpho Systems Match-AT software. 2. Digital orthoimagery was validated through a visual inspection of control points, selected from the previous imagery collected from 36193. The following methods were used to ensure image quality: 1. Use of photo identifiable ground control from prior flyover. 2. Use of GPS/INS during image acquisition. 3. Checking of image identifiable controls against orthoimage product. 4. Post orthorectification accuracy approval checks for overall image quality (tone, color balance, etc.). 5. Comparison to previous orthophotos for horizontal matching. Horizontal accuracy requirement is defined by Olsen Associates, Inc. as 2 to 3 ft for the 0.4 ft resolution imagery. No surveyed ground control was provided. Twenty-two (22) image identifiable points were selected from previous orthophotography to act as QC check points for the airborne GPS/INS georeferenced imagery. Easting and northing coordinates were recorded from the orthophotos and the point elevation was extracted from the DEM. 2-3 feet With no surveyed control provided, the horizontal accuracy of the airborne GPS/INS directly georeferenced imagery was assessed by the use of image identifiable control check points acquired from previous orthophotography as well as edge matching of the new orthoimagery to the previous orthophotography. Orthoimagery is a 2 dimensional representation of the earths surface and, therefore, has no vertical accuracy measure associated with it. Kucera International Inc. Willoughby, OH Unpublished material 1.0 Remote-sensing image None None 1200 disc 2003 Ground condition IMG The aerial imagery was captured with Leica Geosystems ADS40 digital sensor, sensor head SH104. The ADS40 uses a 'pushbroom' method of data collection with multiple linear array CCDs using forward, rearward and nadir orientations along planned flight lines. Each collects data in one of the pan, red, green, blue or NIR spectral bands. This results in one image per CCD for each flight line. The aerial images are used for softcopy aerotriangulation of the project image strips and the production of orthoimages. Kucera International, Inc. 2003 1.0 tabular digital data None None disc 2003 Ground condition CONT No surveyed ground control was provided. Twenty-two (22) image identifiable points were selected from previous orthophotography to act as QC check points for the airborne GPS/INS georeferenced imagery. Easting and northing coordinates were recorded from the orthophotos and the point elevation was extracted from the DEM. Olsen Associates ,Inc. Unknown 1.0 Point digital data None None disc 2003 Ground condition DEM The DEM used in the orthorectification process was provided by Olsen Associates, Inc. Kucera International, Inc. 2003 1.0 Vector digital data disc 2003 Ground condition TLDEF The tile definition contains the name and bounding coordinates for each tile in the image index and is used, along with the orthorectified aerial imagery as an input to Inpho Systems Orthovista software. Orthovista merges all the input orthoimages and creates seamless color balanced image tiles based on the tile definition bounds. The tiles are 5000' by 5000' and projected in Alabama State Plane Coordinate System, west zone. Kucera International, Inc. Unpublished material 1.0 Remote-sensing image None None 1200 disc 2003 Ground condition OIMG1 This first level of orthorectified images is the product of using the aerotriangulation solution and the DEM in Inpho Match-AT software to automate the orthorectification of the raw aerial imagery. These images are large, multi-gigabyte swaths that have yet to be mosaiced into manageable tiled orthos. Kucera International, Inc. Unpublished material 1.0 Remote-sensing image None None 1200 disc, DVD or online 2003 Ground condition OIMG2 The tiled orthoimage is the result of mosaicing orthorectified imagery with Inpho Systems Orthovista software and using the tile definition to cut into seamless orthoimages. Orthovista merges all the input orthoimages and creates seamless color balanced image tiles based on the tile definition bounds. The orthoimage tiles are 5000'wide by 5000' high and projected in Alabama State Plane Coordinate System, west zone. At selected locations throughout the site, accurate GPS coordinates are surveyed or monuments found and the points are marked with targets which will be visible in the aerial imagery. None 2003 CONT New digital, color aerial imagery of the site is acquired using Leica ADS40 sensors. Airborne GPS/IMU data is recorded along with the imagery None 2003 IMG Imagery and GPS/IMU data are downloaded from disc on the plane to disc on the ground. GPS/IMU mission data is processed together with simultaneously collected ground-based GPS base station data in forward and reverse directions. This precisely determines the aerial sensor's position and orientation in the terrain (project) coordinate system and allows for correct orientation of the imagery. IMG 2003 IMG Using the processed GPS/IMU data and correctly oriented imagery, an aerotriangulation bundle adjustment is computed (AT) in Inpho Match-AT software. IMG, CONT 2003 AT Orthorectified imagery is produced using Inpho Orthomaster software. The images are large multi-gigabyte swaths that have yet to be mosaiced into manageable tiled orthos. IMG, DEM, AT 2011 OIMG1 Orthorectified imagery is mosaiced, locally color-balanced and cut to the tile definition boundaries using Inpho Systems OrthoVista software. The inputs to the Orthovista software are the orthoimages and tile definition. The resultant tiled orthoimages are evaluated for horizontal accuracy against the surveyed ground control as well as tone and color balance and seamless mosaicing before further image editing. OIMG1, CONT, TLDEF 2003 OIMG2 Tiled orthoimages then go through a rigorous manual QC process to evaluate for remaining hotspots (e.g. sun reflectance over water), tone quality, color balance and the feathering area between flight lines Any imperfections at this point are manually edited. If necessary, the tiled images are then converted to required format. All images are either recorded on DVD, transferred to HD or posted on FTP for client access. OIMG2 2003 OIMG2 Raster Pixel State Plane Coordinate System 1983 0102 0.9999411765 -81.000000 24.333333 152400.3048006096 0.000000 Coordinate pair 0.4 0.4 U.S. Survey Foot North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.25722210088 North American Vertical Datum of 1988(GEOID09) 0.1 U.S. Survey Foot Implicit coordinate Color orthophotos are comprised of pixels. Each pixel is assigned a value of 0 to 255. That number will refer to a color look-up table which contains red, green and blue (RGB) values, each from 0 to 255, for that pixel within the image. The four ADS40 color bands record data in the following manner: Band 1 (blue)= 430-490nm; Band 2 (green)= 535-585nm; Band 3 (red)= 610-660nm; Band 4 (NIR)= 835-885nm. For color infrared (CIR) imagery the pixel values of the green, red and NIR bands are assigned to look-up table values for the visually perceived blue, green and red spectrum resulting in a false color infrared image, i.e. objects that are highly reflective in the NIR band will appear red in a CIR image. Color infrared imagery was not included as part of this contract deliverable. Albert E. Browder, Ph.D., P.E. Olsen Associates, Inc. Senior Coastal Engineer Mailing and physical address

4438 Herschel Street

Jacksonville FL 32210 U.S.A. 904-387-6114 904-384-7368 abrowder@olsen-associates.com 0900-1630 Gulf Shores, AL Color Orthoimagery 2003 Olsen Associates, Inc. provides this geographic data "as is". This organization makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. Also, this organization makes no warranty, either expressed or implied, regarding the condition of the product or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these files have been processed successfully on computers at this organization, no warranty is made by this organization regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply such a warranty. TIFF (.tif) CD-ROM, DVD Portable hard drive ISO 9660 Olsen Associates, Inc. Olsen Associates, Inc. 2003 2003 Albert E. Browder, Ph.D., P.E. Olsen Associates, Inc. Senior Coastal Engineer Mailing and physical address

4438 Herschel Street

Jacksonville FL 32210 U.S.A. 904-387-6114 904-384-7368 abrowder@olsen-associates.com 0900-1630 FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) FGDC-STD-001-1998